Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by seizure, more commonly referred as fits or attacks. It is stated that 1% of the world’s population have epilepsy with onset occurring early in life. Most cases are treated with the use of anti-convulsants; one of which is Lamictal or Lamotrigine. But not all patients who have seizures are addressed as epileptic. Some are brought about by the sue of illegal drugs, or as an effect of other medicines.
Since only some seizures are caused by other factors, epilepsy is only diagnosed if the seizures are recurrent and caused by abnormal electrical discharges within the brain. In order to determine whether the discharges are present, a neurologist will have two mandatory tests conducted. These tests will also locate the electrical activity and assist in identifying the type of epilepsy the patient has. The tests conducted are a MRI or CT scan and an EEG (electroencephalogram).
Epilepsy can be due to several factors like physical and genetic abnormalities. Although only less than half of the cases seen suffer from brain structure defects, these are also important. Some structural conditions include congenital defects, lack of oxygen at birth, tumors in the brain, and infections. Most common cause of epilepsy is related to genetics. This is common among patients with generalized attacks.
Epilepsy is not a single condition disorder, and there are many types of epileptic seizures (absence, tonic clonic, myoclonic, atonic, etc). However, they have been grouped into two groups or forms: partial seizures and generalised seizures. When diagnosing seizures you must identify where in the brain it starts, how much of the brain it affects, and how far it spreads. A partial seizure will occur when an abnormal electrical discharge occurs in one specific area of the patient’s brain. However, should the discharge spread throughout and affect the whole brain a generalised seizure would be experienced.
Both partial and generalised seizure epilepsy is treated with pharmacological treatment. Usually a single drug therapy using one anticonvulsant will be effective. Although in some cases it is necessary to conduct multiple drug therapy using two or more forms of medication to control the seizures.
It is among the many drugs used to treat epilepsy. It works by controlling the nerves in the CNS and prevents them from being too excited, thus decreasing the chance of attacks. It may be used as a part of a monotherapy, but should only be given to patients over 10 years old.
Despite its effectiveness in treating epilepsy, few side effects can be noted. These include runny nose, dizziness, fatigue, numbness, and many others. The more severe side effects include suicidal attempts, depression, vomiting, blurred vision, painful urination, diarrhea, etc.
As may be seen epilepsy is a complicated neurological disorder with severe consequences if not treated properly. However, if presented with the correct treatment and medication an epileptic can experience a stable fit-free life.
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