Skin is a major organ which performs different function including protection, sensual communication, waste excretion and temperature regulation. It covers your entire body, and is divided into layers. The upper layer, the epidermis, which we generally think of as skin, is only 1 mm thick at its thickest (the palms and soles).
Your skin undergoes renewal and regeneration every day for self-replacement. Deep epidermal cells push up to the outer layer and become hard protein cells bound on to the top surface. The layer of top cells is the layer which you see and touch, are actually dead. But they still form a tight barrier that keeps germs out and moisture in. This is the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis.
It takes quite a long time for skin cells to complete the whole cycle of cell generation. Approximately six months are needed for new cells to be matured at the bottom layer of the epidermis. Then, the matured skin cell takes a further two weeks to get to the top layer. After staying at the top layer for two weeks, the skin cells shed. Skin cells regenerate when you are sleeping, usually from 11pm to 4am. As the body metabolism is lower during this period of time, more energy is reserved for skin cell regeneration.
Below the epidermis is a deeper layer of skin called the dermis. There are numerous capillaries and lymph in this layer to deliver nutrients to and remove wastes from skin cells When you cut yourself and bleed, you have reached the dermis.
Dermis is also the layer where various nerve endings such as pain, heat, cold and pressure locate. These nerve endings are responsible for our sensation transmission. Below the dermis layer, there is a layer full of renewing connective protein fibres: collagen for flexible strength, elastin able to stretch and return to its original shape, and reticulin to hold it all in place.
Finally, there is another layer of skin known as the subcutaneous layer where fatty tissue situates. The fat tissues form the cushion and insulator for our bodies. Hair follicles and sweat glands are tooted in this layer and emerge at the stratum corneum (epidermis).
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